7^th International Conference on Womens Health and Fitness November 25-26, 2024 Bali, Indonesia

Join us at the 7th International Conference on Women's Health and Fitness, happening in Bali, Indonesia, on November 25-26, 2024. Focused on the theme "The Vital Role of Nutrition in Health, Welfare, and Performance," this conference aims to deepen the understanding of nutrition's impact on health and healing among health practitioners. It offers a unique opportunity for professionals in the nutrition field to engage in discussions on the latest research and challenges.
Our event provides a platform for clinical nutritionists, registered dieticians, healthcare professionals, researchers, and students to exchange views and experiences before an international audience. We welcome Presidents, CEOs, Clinical Nutritionists, Nutritional Scientists, Researchers, and Delegates from nutritional and healthcare industries to participate in scientific sessions, B2B meetings, and panel discussions.
Additionally, Nutrition Health Meet 2024 features the Young Researchers Forum and Young Scientist Awards, recognizing outstanding presentations of Masters/PhD/Post Doctorate thesis work. With only 20 presentations accepted, this offers a valuable opportunity for young researchers to showcase their work, collaborate, and receive recognition for their contributions to the field. Award recipients will receive certificates, mementos, and access to a platform for continued collaboration and development.

1 Women Health: Health is a cornerstone of overall well-being for all individuals, and women face unique health challenges and possess distinct immune systems. Given that women are the backbone of society, it's imperative to prioritize their health, especially regarding reproductive health, as they transition through various life stages. Therefore, discussing women's health is vital to ensure awareness and understanding of their specific needs.

Women's health presents distinct characteristics compared to men's health. It exemplifies population health as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), encompassing complete physical, mental, and social well-being rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity. While often narrowed down to reproductive health, there's a growing advocacy for a broader definition focusing on the holistic well-being of women, termed as "The health of women." These disparities are particularly pronounced in developing nations, where women face additional disadvantages due to their unique health risks and experiences.

2 Adolescent and Puberty Health: As a girl enters puberty and undergoes maturation, notable physical and mental transformations occur, with the onset of menstruation marking a significant milestone. Following the initiation of the menstrual cycle, the female body experiences changes in skin, hair, body shape, and genitalia, among other aspects.

Minor deviations from the norm during this period are considered highly significant. The program places particular emphasis on teenagers experiencing the onset of puberty, highlighting the importance of adolescent female health and the accompanying changes.

3 General Gynaecology and Obstetrics: A gynecologist specializes in the reproductive health of women, diagnosing and treating issues related to the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts. They provide care for individuals with female anatomy and address a wide range of gynecological concerns, from acute abdominal symptoms to issues arising during surgery. Their scope of practice encompasses obstetrics, menstruation, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hormone imbalances, and other related conditions. Gynecologists employ both medical and surgical interventions, often utilizing medications such as antibiotics, diuretics, antihypertensives, and antiemetics, as well as hormone-modulating drugs to address specific genital tract issues influenced by pituitary or gonadal signals.

Obstetrics and gynecology are medical fields dedicated to the care of women's reproductive health. Obstetrics specifically deals with pregnancy and childbirth, while gynecology encompasses a broader range of women's health needs and treats conditions affecting the female reproductive organs.

Gynecologists and obstetricians undergo rigorous training, typically four years beyond medical school, covering areas such as general health, prenatal care, labor and delivery, newborn care, prenatal testing, and hereditary factors. Depending on their specific needs, women may seek care from obstetricians later in pregnancy for pregnancy-related concerns, and gynecologists earlier in pregnancy to discuss sexual health and overall quality of life.

4 Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing: Midwifery is a healthcare discipline and profession centered on women's sexual and reproductive health across all stages of life, encompassing pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, including newborn care. It is recognized as a distinct medical profession in many countries, characterized by its specialized education and independent practice. Midwives are individuals who work within the field of midwifery.

Obstetrical nursing, on the other hand, is a nursing subspecialty focused on providing care to individuals attempting to conceive, pregnant women, and those who have recently given birth. Obstetrics nurses, also referred to as OB nurses, collaborate with physicians to support and educate women throughout their pregnancies and during labor and delivery. They also provide initial care to newborns and assist new mothers with baby care in the postpartum period. Offering emotional support to anxious partners is often part of their role. From the moment a woman arrives at the hospital until she is discharged, the OB nurse is there to provide assistance and support.

5 Physical Education of Yoga and Fitness: Maintaining good health requires both physical fitness and education. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), adults should aim for at least 2 hours of moderate to vigorous physical exercise each week.

In terms of academics and athletics, young people benefit greatly from high-quality physical education. Engaging in such programs can inspire students to expand their knowledge, understanding, and skills in various physical activities, games, and health-improving exercises.

Practicing yoga, particularly asanas, is known to enhance balance, flexibility, and strength, while also reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of chronic pain. Research has shown that yoga practice affects both physiological factors (such as posterior hypothalamus, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein) and psychological factors (such as mood, mindfulness, and self-compassion), as evidenced by several studies.

6 Gynaecological Endoscopy: Endoscopy involves the direct examination of an organ or cavity through natural openings or small incisions using an endoscope, providing more accurate and reliable information compared to other external exploratory methods. Gynecological endoscopy, a surgical procedure employing optical devices, aids in diagnosing common female illnesses and pathologies such as infertility, minor vaginal bleeding, and endometrial polyps. Techniques like hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are utilized for this purpose. Technological advancements and equipment refinement have made modern gynecological endoscopy possible, ensuring efficient and reliable image interpretation by experienced professionals, while minimizing risks. This approach allows for less invasive surgical interventions, enabling patients to undergo treatment without significant disruptions to their work or social activities while ensuring effectiveness. In summary, gynecological endoscopy is a recent, highly effective, and minimally invasive surgical technique used for both diagnosis and treatment of gynecological conditions.

7 Gynecologic Oncology: Gynecologic oncology is a specialized field of medicine dedicated to addressing cancers affecting the female reproductive system, including ovarian, uterine, vaginal, cervical, and vulvar cancer. Physicians in this subspecialty undergo extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers, providing specialized care to patients. Research suggests that women with gynecological cancer who receive treatment from specialized centers may experience longer survival compared to those receiving standard care, although the evidence is limited. Meta-analyses of multiple studies indicate that women with ovarian cancer treated at specialized gynecological cancer centers or teaching hospitals may have better outcomes compared to those treated at general or community hospitals. Gynecological cancers account for 10-15% of all cancers in women, primarily affecting post-reproductive age groups but also posing risks to fertility in younger patients. Combination therapy, incorporating surgical and non-surgical modalities such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is commonly used in treatment.        

8 Nanotechnology in Gynaecology: Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field merging biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering, manipulates materials at a nanoscale ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres. Its application in medicine holds immense promise, marking a new era in various domains of research. Investigating the potential of nanotechnology in addressing reproductive issues was the focus of this study. Key areas of nanomedicine, such as in vitro imaging diagnostics and nanoparticle-based cancer therapies, show significant promise. Utilizing nanotechnology for treating infertility represents a cutting-edge approach. Over the past decade, the integration of nanotechnology-based applications and technologies has revolutionized preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. This innovative approach has spurred the development of advanced and sensitive tools for studying disease biology, driving the expansion of the global healthcare sector.

9 Reproduction Biology: The study of the reproductive system is known as reproductive biology. Enhanced understanding of reproductive biology has the potential to yield innovative treatments for reproductive issues such as infertility. Hormones, acting as signals to influence growth and maturation in the human reproductive system, play a central role in reproductive biology. These hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and circulate throughout the body, exerting their effects on various tissues. The pituitary gland, in particular, produces hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands in humans. Reproductive biology encompasses a comprehensive examination of mammalian reproduction, including human reproduction. It delves into introductory and fundamental aspects of reproductive biology, covering biochemical, developmental, genetic, anatomical, hormonal, physiological, and familial welfare aspects.

10 Reproductive Endocrinology: Reproductive endocrinology encompasses the hormones and regulatory mechanisms that govern sexual development, sexual function, and reproduction. Clinical reproductive endocrinology involves studying diseases and the secretion status of endocrine glands related to reproduction, along with their hormonal products. A reproductive endocrinologist, also known as a RE, is a physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) who diagnoses and treats endocrine disorders relevant to reproduction. Accurate quantification of specific hormones is essential for understanding the complex endocrine processes involved in normal and pathological reproductive function. The endocrine system remains the body's most thoroughly understood humoral regulatory mechanism.

11 Reproductive Cloning: Reproductive cloning involves implanting a cloned embryo into a natural or artificial uterus, where it develops into a fetus and is carried to term. Traditionally, embryo splitting, a method used for over 40 years, manually separates a single early-stage two-cell embryo into two identical embryos. However, advancements in reproductive cloning techniques occurred in the 1990s following the birth of Dolly, the first mammal cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Reproductive cloning aims to create an identical replica of a multicellular organism, a process challenging in sexually reproducing organisms due to genetic hybridization. Recent biotechnological advancements have enabled experimental asexual reproduction in mammals within laboratory settings.

12 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): STIs are infections passed from one person to another through vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse. They are highly prevalent, often asymptomatic, and can lead to serious health issues if untreated. Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, is the primary mode of STI transmission. Some STIs can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Many individuals with STIs show no signs or symptoms, but common symptoms may include vaginal or urethral discharge, genital ulcers, and abdominal pain. STIs significantly impact sexual and reproductive health worldwide, with nearly 1 million new cases acquired daily. While accurate diagnostic tests are readily available in high-income countries, they remain scarce in low- and middle-income nations.

13 Implantation and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involves examining embryos or oocytes for genetic abnormalities before implantation. It was developed for couples concerned about severe Mendelian disorders, structural chromosome abnormalities, or mitochondrial illnesses in their offspring. The process requires in vitro fertilisation, embryo biopsy, and either fluorescence in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction at the single-cell level, making it a challenging technique that requires expertise. Preimplantation genetic testing is a series of genetic tests conducted on embryos prior to implantation. Preimplantation genetic testing-monogenic focuses on aneuploidy in all chromosomes, including autosomes and sex chromosomes X and Y. Preimplantation genetic testing-aneuploidy examines aneuploidy in all chromosomes, including autosomes and sex chromosomes X and Y. Preimplantation genetic testing-structural rearrangements screens embryos for chromosome gains and losses resulting from parental structural chromosomal abnormalities such as translocations, inversions, deletions, and insertions.

14 Infertility and Pregnancy Complications: Infertility refers to the inability of a couple to conceive after regular unprotected sexual activity. It may result from factors such as one partner's inability to contribute to conception or a woman's inability to carry a pregnancy to term. Typically, infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after a year of regular sexual activity without contraception. In the United States, approximately ten percent of women aged 15 to 44 experience difficulties conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy. Globally, fertility issues affect 8 to 12 percent of couples, with an estimated 45 to 50 percent of cases attributed to conditions affecting the male partner. Fortunately, there are numerous treatment options available for infertility.

Pregnancy complications are health issues that arise during gestation and can impact the well-being of the mother, the baby, or both. Some women may have pre-existing health conditions that increase the risk of complications before becoming pregnant, while additional issues may arise during pregnancy itself. Fortunately, there are strategies to manage these complications, whether they are common or rare. Symptoms and problems during pregnancy can vary from minor discomforts to serious, potentially life-threatening conditions. Distinguishing between typical pregnancy symptoms and those that require medical attention can be challenging for women. Both physical and mental health disorders can emerge or worsen during pregnancy, affecting the health of both mother and baby.

15 Maternal Mortality: Maternal mortality, as defined by the World Health Organization, refers to a woman's death due to pregnancy-related causes during or within 42 days after childbirth, expressed as a ratio per 100,000 live births in the population under scrutiny. In the United States, approximately 700 women die annually due to complications during pregnancy or delivery. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is determined by dividing the number of maternal deaths within a specified timeframe by the number of live births (per 100,000 live births). An MMR is deemed high if it surpasses 300 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and extremely high if it exceeds 1000 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Conversely, a low MMR is characterized by 20–99 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, while a moderate MMR falls within the range of 100–299 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

16 Miscarriage and Mental Health: Experiencing a miscarriage can be a deeply distressing event, with the emotional aftermath varying from woman to woman. It often brings about feelings of sadness, anxiety, depression, and in some cases, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For many women, the anxiety and depression stemming from a miscarriage may persist for years, extending even after the subsequent birth of a healthy child. Unfortunately, past pregnancy loss is often overlooked when evaluating a woman's risk factors for prenatal or postnatal depression, with more emphasis placed on factors like family history of depression, stressful life events, or lack of social support. Some women who have experienced one or multiple miscarriages may develop mental health disorders months or even years later, with evidence suggesting that both men and women may be affected for up to 15 years following a loss. Despite miscarriage being recognized as a public health concern, research on the mental health outcomes for women post-loss remains inadequate. Couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages may encounter heightened intrusive thoughts and emotional distress. Miscarriage's emotional toll can potentially lead to mental health disorders, such as primary maternal preoccupation.

17 Environmental Effects on Reproductive Health: Environmental health encompasses the aspects of human well-being influenced by various environmental factors, including physical, chemical, biological, and social elements. It involves assessing and managing these factors to safeguard public health. These determinants encompass everything from external environmental factors to internal biological processes, including hormones, diet, and lifestyle. Reproductive health, in particular, is influenced by a complex interplay of physical, biological, behavioral, cultural, and socioeconomic factors, the impact of which can vary across regions and populations. For instance, untreated infections may pose a higher risk in areas with high rates of sexually transmitted infections or limited healthcare resources, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, fetal loss, or perinatal mortality. Additionally, infants born to mothers with such infections may be at risk of postnatal transmission and other complications during the neonatal period.

18 Menopause, PCOD and Climacteric Period: Menopause, a natural biological process, marks the cessation of menstruation for at least 12 consecutive months. Preceding menopause is the menopausal transition, or perimenopause, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. During this period, which can last from seven to fourteen years, women may experience changes in their menstrual cycles and symptoms like hot flashes. The duration of perimenopause is influenced by factors such as lifestyle choices, onset age, and ethnicity. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, hormones produced by the ovaries, characterize this phase, with each woman experiencing it uniquely.

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), affecting 5% to 10% of women of childbearing age, disrupts hormone levels, leading to conditions like Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS results in elevated levels of male hormones, irregular menstrual cycles, and difficulty conceiving. Additional symptoms include excessive hair growth and hair loss, with potential long-term complications such as diabetes and heart disease. Management often involves birth control pills and diabetes medications to rebalance hormones and alleviate symptoms.

Climacteric encompasses the transitional phase from declining ovarian function to complete ovarian loss, encompassing peri-menopause, menopause, and post-menopause. This natural life stage carries various health implications, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, heart disease, and Alzheimer's. Women may undergo different forms of menopause, including natural, surgical, early, or premature, with individual health outcomes influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

19 Endometriosis: Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of tissue resembling the uterine lining outside the uterus. Typically, this endometrial tissue develops on pelvic organs like the ovaries, intestines, and surrounding tissues. While it rarely extends beyond the pelvic area, it's possible. These displaced tissue growths, known as endometrial implants, respond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, leading to irritation and discomfort. As a result, the tissue thickens, breaks down, and eventually becomes trapped in the pelvis. Symptoms of endometriosis vary widely, with some individuals experiencing mild discomfort and others enduring severe pain, irrespective of the condition's stage or severity.

20 Abnormal Uterine & Vaginal Bleeding: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to bleeding from the uterus that deviates from the typical pattern in terms of duration, timing, or intensity. This bleeding can be either heavier or lighter than usual and may occur unpredictably or more frequently than expected. Normally, female hormone levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, with the hormones estrogen and progesterone being released during ovulation when an egg is released from the ovaries. However, if ovulation does not occur as expected, AUB may occur. Signs of irregular uterine bleeding include bleeding between menstrual cycles or excessively heavy bleeding during menstruation, known as menorrhagia, which lasts longer than 7 days. Various factors can contribute to abnormal uterine bleeding, including uterine polyps, fibroids, thyroid disorders, cervical infections, or, rarely, uterine cancer. However, the most common cause is hormonal imbalance, which leads to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), particularly common among teenagers and women nearing menopause.